The next steps of this study will be to implement this method identified as optimal to isolate and characterise a larger number of particles released by FDNPP. The method of fission tracks was particularly efficient for detecting both natural and anthropogenic uranium. The first results of this comparison of autoradiography methods for the detection of actinide-bearing particles in Fukushima samples will be presented. A quality control sample containing only uranium oxide particles was also analysed, as these particles are devoid of gamma-emitters. This sample was dried and sieved to 63 µm before being processed according to the different analysis protocols. In this study, a sediment sample collected nearby FDNPP, which may contain particles containing both radio-caesium and actinides, was selected. To identify and locate such particles, three already existing methods have been upgraded, including 1) the method of fission tracks already used in the field of non-proliferation studies, 2) the autoradiography through the use of imaging plates that are currently employed in the context of the localization of particles containing radio-caesium and the dismantling of nuclear facilities (Haudebourg and Fichet, 2016), and 3) a real time autoradiography method through the use of the BeaQuant® instrument which has been developed for detecting radioactive particles in biology and geosciences. Accordingly, the objective of the current research is to develop a method for specifically locating actinide-bearing particles in sediment samples collected in the vicinity of FDNPP. Indeed, the composition of particles, which were produced and spread at the time of the reactor explosion, reflect the conditions that prevailed in the reactor. So far, some answers have been provided by the investigation of particles containing caesium (Martin et al., 2020) and sometimes uranium (Ochiai et al., 2018).
Ten years after the accident, questions still remain, particularly about the processes that led to the partial core meltdown of reactors 1 and 3. Marteijn JA, Bekker-Jensen S, Mailand N et al (2009) Nucleotide excision repair-induced H2A ubiquitination is dependent on MDC1 and RNF8 and reveals a universal DNA damage response.The Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident that occurred in March 2011 released significant quantities of radionuclides into the environment.Marteijn JA, Bekker-Jensen S, Mailand N et al (2009) Nucleotide excision repair-induced H2A ubiquitination is dependent on MDC1 and RNF8 and reveals a universal DNA damage response.Sertic S, Pizzi S, Cloney R et al (2011) Human exonuclease 1 connects nucleotide excision repair (NER) processing with checkpoint activation in response to UV irradiation.Ogi T, Limsirichaikul S, Overmeer RM et al (2010) Three DNA polymerases, recruited by different mechanisms, carry out NER repair synthesis in human cells.Hong Z, Jiang J, Hashiguchi K et al (2008) Recruitment of mismatch repair proteins to the site of DNA damage in human cells.Moser J, Kool H, Giakzidis I et al (2007) Sealing of chromosomal DNA nicks during nucleotide excision repair requires XRCC1 and DNA ligase III alpha in a cell-cycle-specific manner.Staresincic L, Fagbemi AF, Enzlin JH et al (2009) Coordination of dual incision and repair synthesis in human nucleotide excision repair.
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